Leaders often assume that because a decision or expectation is clear to them, it is clear to everyone else. Francis Bacon’s “Idols of the Cave” and modern research on the false consensus effect reveal why that assumption can distort judgment—and why silence is not reliable evidence of agreement.

Leadership became more human for good reasons. Purpose, empathy, self-awareness, authenticity, and other soft skills corrected an older model that too often confused authority with leadership.

But the correction may have travelled too far.

Leadership development has become increasingly sophisticated about how leaders understand themselves and relate to others while becoming less explicit about the institutional responsibility to govern. A leader can be purposeful, empathetic, self-aware, and highly skilled at communication—and still struggle to set standards, make consequential decisions, confront poor performance, and determine what the organization will tolerate.

The Purpose Trap examines what happened when the soft skills of leadership began to receive more attention than the hard responsibility of governing.

Psychological safety was designed to help people speak candidly. It was never meant to replace judgment, authority, accountability, or consequence. Yet across leadership practice, a condition that supports candour has become a governing standard for how leaders should act. The result is a more receptive workplace—and leaders increasingly uncertain about whether they are still permitted to decide, correct, require, and lead.